Assalam oalaikum,
The place for offering namaz should be clean. If namaz is offered in an unhygienic place then it will not be acceptable. Allah ta’ala has stressed the importance of offering namaz in a clean place, in the Quran.
125 Remember We made the House a place of assembly for men and a place of safety; and take ye the station of Abraham as a place of prayer; and We covenanted with Abraham and Isma'il, that they should sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or use it as a retreat, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer).
surah bakarah verse no 125
26 Behold! We gave the site, to Abraham, of the (Sacred) House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer).
surah hajj verse no 26
The place for offering valid namaz should be selected keeping these 7 factors in mind:
The place where namaz is offered should be Mubah (acts that are allowed or jaez).
If a person offers namaz on a seized property, then as an obligatory precaution, his namaz is nullified, whether he prays on a carpet, a couch, or any similar objects. However, there is no harm in offering namaz under a seized roof or tent.
Namaz offered in a property whose use and benefit belongs to someone else, will be nullified, until permission is obtained from the entitled person. For example, if a house has been rented out and the owner of the house or anyone else offers namaz in that house without permission of the tenant, then as a measure of precaution, his namaz is nullified. If a person makes a will before his death that one-third of his property should be used for a particular purpose then namaz cannot be offered in that property until that 1/3rd part has been dispensed with.
If a person who is sitting in a mosque is made to leave his place by someone who then occupies his place, the namaz offered there will be valid, although he will have committed a sin.
If someone does not know or forgets that a place is a seized one, and offers namaz on it, and learns or remembers it after completing his namaz, his namaz will be valid. However, if a person usurped a place himself but forgets it, and offers prayer there, his namaz are nullified.
If a person knows that a certain place has been seized, but does not know the rule that namaz at a usurped place is nullified, and offers namaz there, his namaz is nullified.
If a person is compelled to offer obligatory namaz while riding and if the animal of his riding, or its saddle, or stirrups are seized ones, his namaz are nullified. The same rule is applicable if he wishes to offer Mustahab namaz while riding that animal.
If a person owns a property in partnership with someone else and his share is not defied, then he cannot use that property to offer namaz without the permission of his partner.
If a person buys a property with money from which Khums has not been paid by him, then his use of that property is haraam, and the namaz which he may offer in it gets nullified.
If an owner gives consent for offering namaz in his property, but it is known that he is not pleased about it in his heart then offering namaz in his property is nullified. On the other hand, if he does not give the permission but it is certain that he agrees to it then offering namaz in his property will be valid.
To offer namaz in someone else's property is allowed only if the owner gives his permission. For example, if he allows a person to stay and sleep in his property, it means that he has granted him the permission for offering namaz also.
It is allowed to pray on a huge expanse of land, even if its owner is unhappy about praying on it. This is also applicable to lands which have no gates or boundaries around them. No permission will be needed from its owner, except if the owner is a minor, insane, or unhappy about anyone praying there. In such a case, as an obligatory precaution, namaz should not be offered there.
The place for namaz should not have so much hustle and bustle that would make normal standing, Ruku or Sajdah difficult. However, if one is forced to offer namaz at such places, due to any other reason, as in a car, a ship or a train, then one should try to maintain the direction of Qibla. If the vehicle moves away from the direction, he should return to Qibla.
There is nothing wrong in offering namaz in any vehicle if they are motionless. Even if they are in motion but they do not cause lot of swaying of the body, one can pray in them.
Namaz offered on a heap of wheat or any other thing, which cannot remain steady, is invalid.
A person should offer namaz at a place where he finds the possibility of completing the namaz. Offering namaz at a place where one cannot complete the namaz, due to strong winds, heavy rains or a heaving crowd, will render namaz nullified, even if one manages to complete the namaz.
To pray on an item on which it is haraam to sit or step, such as a carpet on which the name of Allah is drawn or written, will render namaz nullified.
If a person is compelled to offer namaz at a place where it is not possible to stand, he can pray while sitting. If it is not possible even to perform Ruku and Sajdah, he can perform them by head signs.
If the place where one intends to offer namaz is najis, it should not be so moist that its moisture would reach the body or the clothes of the person praying. However, if the place where one places the forehead while doing Sajdah is najis, the prayers will be invalid even if that place is dry. The advise is that the place where one offers namaz should not be najis at all.
As an obligatory precaution, womenfolk should stand behind men while offering namaz.
If a man and a woman stand besides each other in namaz, or the woman is in front, but there is a wall, curtain that separates them so that they cannot see each other, the namaz of both of them are valid.
The place where a person places his forehead during Sajdah, should not be higher or lower than a length of four fingers, in comparison to the place of his thighs or toes. The details about this rule will be given in the rules related to Sajdah.
Namaz at a place where musical instruments are being played is not invalid. However, hearing the music is a sin.
Preferable places for offering Namaz:
Islam greatly emphasizes on offering namaz in a mosque. Masjidul Haram is considered to be superior than all the mosques and after it, the order of priority is:
Masjidun Nabi (in Madina)
Masjid Kufa (in Kufa)
Masjid Baytul Maqdas (in Jerusalem)
Jami' Masjid or the central mosque of every city.
The mosques situated in one's locality
The mosques situated in one's market.
For womenfolk it is advisable to offer namaz at those places where they are away from Na Mahram, regardless of the fact whether that place is her home, a mosque or anywhere else.
Namaz in the Shrines of the holy Imams is preferable and is even superior to offering namaz in a mosque. It has been reported that the reward for offering namaz in the Holy Shrine of Amirul Mu'minin Imam Ali (p.b.u.h.), is tantamount to 200,000 namaz.
Visiting a mosque, and going to a mosque which is frequented by very few people, is recommended. And it is Makrooh for a neighbour of the mosque to pray. It is recommended that one should not have anything to do with a person who does not offer namaz in a mosque. No advice should be sought from such a person. One should not be his neighbor. Lastly, one should never enter into matrimonial bond with his family.
Places where Offering Namaz is detestable or Makrooh:
There are various places where it is Makrooh to offer namaz. Some of them are as follows:
Public baths
Salty land
Facing a human being
Facing an open door
On a road or street, provided that offering namaz at such places does not cause trouble to others. If it is a source of inconvenience and discomfort to others, it is a sin to block their way.
Facing fire or a lamp
In the kitchen and at every other place where there is a furnace.
Facing towards a well or a pit (where people often urinate)
Facing the image or sculptures of living creatures, unless they have been covered
In the room where a Mujnib is present
Facing a grave.
On the grave.
Between two graves.
In the graveyard.
If a person is offering namaz at a place where there is lots of activity and someone may come in front of him then a demarcation should be set before him with a wooden or even a string.
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